…1 ). If the T wave and the QRS complex head in opposite directions, the T wave is said to be discordant which is abnormal. Because…

…and ask if the victim is awake. Breathing : Open the airway by tilting the head backward and lifting the chin up. Does the person breathe…

…8%. This implies that approximately one third of the patients who ultimately had a favorable neurological recovery exhibited an abnormal pupillary reflex upon initial examination…

…Despite congestive heart failure, a third or fourth heart sound is rarely heard due to restrictive pathophysiology and impaired ventricular relaxation [10]. There is also…

…adult Abnormal relaxation (grade 1 dysfunction) Pseudonormal (grade 2 dysfunction) Reversible restrictive filling (grade 3 dysfunction) Irreversible restrictive filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio…

…11.029. Pulmonary valve Pulmonary valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow…

…size and volume Women Men Normal range Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Normal range Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal ATRIAL DIMENSIONS LA diameter…

Pulmonary valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation The QRS complex (ventricular complex): normal and abnormal configurations and intervals A complete QRS complex consists of a Q , R…

…imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG)…