Chapters Archive – Page 17 of 22 – The Cardiovascular

Figure 1. ECG criteria (Sgarbossa criteria) for acute STEMI in the setting of LBBB. Each criteria gives 2 to 5 points. Studies show that a cut-off of ≥3 points yields a sensitivity of 20–36% and specificity of 90–98% for acute STEMI in the setting of LBBB.

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction: the Sgarbossa criteria

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Figure 19. The Cabrera format and inverted aVR.

The Cabrera format of the 12-lead ECG and inverted lead aVR

2016

ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

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ECG non-specific nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay

Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (defect)

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Figure 1. Electrical alternans in patient with cardiac tamponade. The ECG shows varying QRS and T-wave amplitudes.

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

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Figure 3. Chest leads of patient with acute pericarditis. Note the ST segment elevations, concave ST segments.

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

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Figure 1. Early repolarization pattern on ECG. Note the end-QRS notches and slurs, as well as the ST segment elevations.

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

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Figure 1. Echocardiogram showing takotsubo cardiomyopathy in acute phase (A) and resolution phase (B). Note the apical ballooning of the apical portion fo the left ventricle (A).

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)

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Figure 1. Osborn wave (J wave). These waves occur due to hypothermia, hypercalcemia, early repolarization and Brugada syndrome.

ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

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Figure 1. The ECG contour of the normal P-wave, P mitrale (left atrial enlargement) and P pulmonale (right atrial enlargement)

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

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