…objective is restoration of coronary blood flow to the infarct zone, thereby limiting infarct size and preserving myocardial function. The benefit of reperfusion is strongly…

…the presence of inflammation Transferrin saturation 15–50 % < 15 % indicates iron deficiency whatever the ferritin Vitamin B12 150–650 pmol/L Grey zone 150…

…or radiotherapy, or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment. A basal morning cortisol in the grey zone. A morning…

…vector typically shifts in the direction of the outer epicardial layers, producing ST elevations over the ischemic zone [15]. In the earliest stages of ischemia…

…original infarct zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously…

…to grow new vessels into the ischemic zone. Newly formed vessels, which may originate from other branches of the same coronary artery or another coronary…

…myocardium to endure 20 to 30 minutes of severe ischemia. If myocardial perfusion (blood flow) in the ischemic zone is not restored before that time…

…Biological death usually occurs within minutes thereafter; survival is highly unlikely after 8–10 minutes of no flow (i.e. cardiac arrest without any circulation)…

…and in some cases substantially narrowed, the role of revascularization itself in stable coronary artery disease, while a distinct evidence base has emerged for coronary…

Echocardiography Generating the ultrasound image The ultrasound transducer generates short bursts (pulses) of ultrasound waves. Reflected ultrasound waves are analyzed by the machine during the…