…fixed dose morning and evening with a separate SABA as needed, or as maintenance-and-reliever therapy in the same inhaler. The two regimens must…

…role belongs to phenoxymethylpenicillin — but for treatment failure, recurrent otitis, otitis with concurrent purulent conjunctivitis, and as a suspension alternative in pneumonia in young children…

…allows a child with croup or a patient with an allergic reaction to receive a full steroid dose without an injection, and the long biological…

…Diazepam Renaudin Long-acting benzodiazepine with active metabolite The benzodiazepine with two faces. As a single dose in seizures it is fast and reliable — high…

…NSAID with good effect in musculoskeletal and postoperative pain, but with the most unfavourable cardiovascular profile in the class — the increase in risk for myocardial…

…with mineralocorticoid effect Endogenous cortisol in pharmaceutical form and accordingly the first choice when the intention is substitution rather than immunosuppression. Unlike prednisolone, betamethasone, and…

…Direct-acting factor Xa inhibitor with fixed dosing and no routine monitoring. Lower risk of intracranial haemorrhage than warfarin — but the short half-life means…

Lipitor Atorvastatin Krka HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor High-intensity statin with a long half-life, allowing it to be taken at any time of day…

…inhibitor with positive inotropy and vagal AV-node slowing. Rate control fails under adrenergic stress — making it a poor choice for the active patient and…

…blocker with marked efficacy on atrial arrhythmias in structurally normal hearts. The CAST trial showed increased mortality after myocardial infarction — that boundary remains the most…

…the drug unsuitable as first-line treatment in hypertensive crisis — but useful in pre-eclampsia and as afterload relief in combination with a nitrate and…

…selective alpha-blocker with onset within minutes and duration under half an hour. A niche drug: catecholamine-induced hypertensive crisis — phaeochromocytoma, cocaine and amphetamine intoxication…

…treatment for gout, with the goal of titrating upward until serum urate is stably below 360 μmol/l — not setting a fixed dose and…

…blocker for oral and intravenous use with properties from classes I–IV. Extensive tissue distribution and a half-life measured in weeks — initiation and discontinuation…

…and most Enterobacterales, with good CNS penetration — making this the standard choice for community-acquired bacterial meningitis and severe sepsis of unknown origin. The price…

…mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction — the effect is dose-dependent, and underdosing is more often than adverse effects the reason for absent…

…With a half-life of 9 minutes and the effect gone 20–30 minutes after the infusion ends, it is useful in patients where beta…

…binds dabigatran with approximately 300 times higher affinity than dabigatran binds to thrombin — in practice it never lets go. The effect is immediate and complete…

…selective of the routinely used beta-blockers, with documented mortality benefit in heart failure from CIBIS-II. Bioavailability is close to 90 % and elimination is…

…salt for intravenous membrane stabilisation and calcium supplementation First-line intervention in hyperkalaemia with ECG changes: calcium restores the margin between resting membrane potential and…

…directly inhibits thrombin and the only one with a specific, rapidly acting antidote — idarucizumab achieves complete reversal within minutes, which weighs heavily in patients who…

…V2 agonist) The same substance is used for four entirely different indications with doses differing up to a hundredfold — antidiuretic substitution in central diabetes insipidus…

…effect with marked β₂ effect means that stroke volume increases while systemic vascular resistance falls at low doses — good in the cold, hypoperfused patient with…

…COX inhibitor, propionic acid derivative The first-line NSAID in Sweden and the one with the least cardiovascular risk at a low dose. A short…

…basal insulin The basal insulin that covers the basal insulin requirement between meals and overnight, with a largely flat profile over 24 hours and therefore…

…cardiac arrest treatment. The most clinically dangerous property is not pharmacological but practical: two concentrations with a tenfold difference are used in the same setting.

…be used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction when blood pressure or angina requires it. The slow onset makes the drug unsuitable for acute…

…with valsartan has documented mortality benefit in heart failure (CHARM), and the first choice when an ACE inhibitor must be switched due to cough. The…

…entirely free of sedation: a distinct minority of patients become drowsy, and this should be asked about in professional drivers. Renal function governs the dose.

…decline and reduced mortality in chronic kidney disease with albuminuria, with or without diabetes. The dose is the same — 10 mg once daily — for all…

…oral and intravenous diltiazem require a named-patient licence. Verapamil or a beta-blocker is therefore the practical first choice for rate control in this…

…making it combinable with beta-blockers. The price of pure vasodilatation is dependent oedema, which is dose-related and the most common reason for discontinuation.

…The only antihypertensive that increases renal perfusion while blood pressure falls. A selective D1 agonist without alpha or beta effects, with onset within minutes and…

…with a critical difference in kinetics: absorption occurs via a saturable amino acid transporter in the gut, so bioavailability falls as the dose rises and…

…in Swedish emergency departments and wards, with rapid onset and minimal anticholinergic burden. The drug has two entirely different dosing worlds: a few milligrams in…

…completely with protamine within minutes. This is why unfractionated heparin is the first choice in severe renal failure, in the bleeding-prone patient, and when…

…beta-lactam antibiotic The first-choice oral penicillin for the most common respiratory and skin infections in outpatient care, and one of the reasons Sweden…

…interactions, and an adverse effect profile barely distinguishable from placebo. IMPROVE-IT showed that the additional LDL lowering also translates into fewer cardiovascular events, making…

…solution for acute hypoglycaemia The first-line treatment for severe hypoglycaemia in a patient who cannot swallow and in whom intravenous access is available. The…

…rhythm: in atrial fibrillation the rate control sits in the AV node and ivabradine is ineffective. Its place in treatment is the symptomatic patient with…