…infarction is associated with basal septal perforation and a worse prognosis than the typically apical defect associated with anterior infarction. Ventricular free wall rupture Free…

…ventricular hypertrophy Lung disease (with increased pulmonary vascular resistance), congenital heart disease (transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary valve stenosis, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal…

Conduction defects ECG Right bundle branch block (RBBB) Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is due to an anatomical or functional dysfunction in the right bundle…

Conduction defects ECG Lathundar Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) Electrocardiographic Criteria and Characteristics Left bundle branch block is characterized by a significant reorganization of the…

…pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac shunts, such as atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)…

…commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and…

…dx), which originates from the right coronary artery (RCA). The RCA also supplies the inferior left ventricular wall in over 90% of all individuals. Hence…

…occurs more often than sinus node involvement, and atrioventricular block (AVB) may indicate septal involvement in the inflammatory process. A broad spectrum of pharmacologic agents…

Echocardiography Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is an intracavitary clot attached to the LV endocardium, typically overlying an akinetic…

…asymmetric, i.e its distribution in the left ventricular myocardium varies. Septal hypertrophy, apical hypertrophy and hypertrophy of the left ventricular free wall are common…