…in thrombus formation (Figure 1). Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque may also release atherosclerotic debris downstream, causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream…

…12 lead ECGs (e.g EASI, Frank's leads etc). Note that in some situations it is appropriate to connect additional electrodes in order to…

…of femoropopliteal disease. More distal disease may cause foot symptoms, although lower extremity symptoms are much more common than upper extremity symptoms. The severity of…

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

…Cardiac troponin levels are extremely low in healthy subjects; the 99 th percentile is less than a few nanograms per liter of blood (typically <5…

…strong suspicion of portal hypertension? Variceal and ulcer bleeding are managed differently from the first minute. Peptic ulcer remains the commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal…

…blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and the end of ventricular repolarization…

…limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available blood…

…presented in the parenthesis). Values without confidence interval are simply the 98 th percentile (i.e the upper reference limit). Age <1 day 1–3…

…heaviness, burning, or discomfort in the chest and may extend to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen, or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis…