…myocardial cells and therefore myocardial troponins should not be detected in the blood. It should be noted, however, that current troponin assays are extremely sensitive…

…situations it is appropriate to connect additional electrodes in order to detect right ventricular infarction (leads V3R, V4R, V5R, V6R) and posterolateral infarction (leads V7…

…much more common than upper extremity symptoms. The severity of symptoms should be described by their effect on walking distance, daily activities, work and independence…

…considered extremely difficult across patient categories. However, the emergence of incretin based therapies, starting with glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP 1 RAs) and…

…and a faster release kinetics. This may explain higher peak levels of cTnI compared with cTnT. Normal values (reference values) URL (upper reference limit) : The…

…commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the differential diagnosis includes oesophagitis, gastritis, a Mallory Weiss tear, a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an aortoenteric…

…male and female Adult, male Adult, female Normal <440 ms <430 ms <450 ms Upper limit 440–460 ms 430–450 ms 450–470 ms…

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…

…presented in the parenthesis). Values without confidence interval are simply the 98 th percentile (i.e the upper reference limit). Age <1 day 1–3…

…the chest and may extend to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen, or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fatigue, faintness, and other symptoms…