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Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…with a mean gradient ≥ 40 mmHg. Fluid responsiveness Static measures such as the CVP predict fluid responsiveness poorly. Dynamic measures are better: a pulse pressure…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…determines the outcome. Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen transport and haemostatic capacity, but it cannot compensate for an uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…translocates to the nucleus and induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs…

STEMI: Fibrinolysis, Indications, Contraindications and Rescue PCI

…to the fibrinolytic bolus. In suitable systems, pre hospital fibrinolysis is reasonable when it provides a substantial time saving, particularly with prolonged transport times of…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…includes: The time from symptom onset to recognition and seeking medical assistance. Prehospital assessment, treatment and transport. Diagnostic assessment and initiation of reperfusion therapy. The…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…diagnosis at a non PCI hospital to wire crossing As quickly as possible, primary PCI if the total expected time is 120 minutes or less…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…simpler to administer, since the whole dose is given as a bolus [1,2]. In a meta analysis of three phase 3 trials, tenecteplase was…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…from the extracellular space via washout, enzymatic degradation to inosine, phosphorylation to AMP, and reuptake into cells through a nucleoside transport system. Because of these…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…settings, while the broader lipid lowering recommendation refers to a recurrent event without requiring that it be of the same type as the initial event…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…affinity transporter situated in the S1 and S2 segments of the renal proximal tubule. It accounts for approximately 90% of renal glucose reabsorption. The remaining…

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