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Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…only when related to one another. A low blood pressure may be due to low flow, low vascular tone or both, and the appropriate action…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen transport and haemostatic capacity, but it cannot compensate for an uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time to surgery, endoscopy…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…translocates to the nucleus and induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs…

STEMI: Fibrinolysis, Indications, Contraindications and Rescue PCI

…infarct size and preserving myocardial function. The benefit of reperfusion is strongly time dependent. The interval from symptom onset to reperfusion is determined by patient…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…infarct size. The extent of myocardial injury is strongly influenced by total ischaemic time. This interval includes: The time from symptom onset to recognition and…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…parallel with drug treatment and transport planning [1,5]. Symptom duration Under 12 hours: reperfusion is indicated in persisting STEMI. 12 to 48 hours: primary…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…up stroke or a late time window: perform advanced imaging according to the local protocol. 11. Document weight, agent, dose, time of the bolus and…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…than 18 mg are unlikely to revert a tachycardia and should not be used. Specific dosing adjustments are required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…when a patient is unable to tolerate any statin regimen. The treatment sequence for patients with chronic coronary syndrome is: Lifestyle intervention and a maximally…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…inflammation and fibrosis Reduction in body weight and haemoglobin A1c Increased uricosuria, with plasma uric acid reduction of approximately 10% to 15% Possible effects on…

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