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Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…anxiety, or distress have transient BP elevation that improves when the precipitating state resolves. The distinction is therefore not based on the BP value alone…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…reserve (FFR), have been validated against outcomes and shown to outperform visual angiographic guidance in selecting lesions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Non hyperemic pressure…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Stroke Contraindications Cross reactivity: Do not administer to patients with a…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…sex , and genetically influenced effects on the cardiovascular system. Acute exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…formerly termed Prinzmetal or variant angina, is myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. The risk associated…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…and/or the coronary microcirculation. These abnormalities may produce a transient mismatch between myocardial oxygen demand and coronary blood supply, resulting in myocardial hypoperfusion or…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…cause: Diminished heart sounds Disappearance of the friction rub Loss of the apical impulse Electrical alternans on the ECG Compression of the left lung base

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal aorta can cause stroke, TIA (transient ischemic attack), coronary artery occlusion…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…75 years (2 points) D iabetes Mellitus (1 point) S₂ troke, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), or Thromboembolism history (2 points) V ascular Disease (1 point)…

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