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Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…valves, and proximal aorta can cause stroke, TIA (transient ischemic attack), coronary artery occlusion, and peripheral embolization. Stroke is the third leading cause of death…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. The risk associated with asymptomatic disease depends substantially on stenosis severity and…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…in renal function and urinary abnormalities. Malignant hypertension may cause acute microangiopathy, with renal, retinal, and cerebral involvement. Catecholamine excess and drug related presentations Severe…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…transient rate related conduction abnormalities, pacing related repolarization changes, and inadequate coronary flow relative to myocardial oxygen demand. Consequently, an elevated cardiac troponin concentration and…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Stroke Contraindications Cross reactivity: Do not administer to patients with a…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Vasospastic angina (VA), formerly termed Prinzmetal or variant angina, is myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…abnormalities may produce a transient mismatch between myocardial oxygen demand and coronary blood supply, resulting in myocardial hypoperfusion or ischaemia. Ischaemia is commonly precipitated by…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…AMI): Early infarct associated pericarditis , which develops from several hours to approximately 4 days after infarction and is usually transient. Late post acute myocardial infarction…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…75 years (2 points) D iabetes Mellitus (1 point) S₂ troke, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), or Thromboembolism history (2 points) V ascular Disease (1 point)…

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