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ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…fraction (HFrEF), and post myocardial infarction (MI) care. Despite their proven morbidity and mortality benefits, their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of…

Risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest

…This electrical factor came and killed and disappeared and was not found in the dead heart. The cause of death in these victims is not…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…loss Polycystic ovary syndrome Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea Fertility therapy and assisted reproductive technology The extent to which these conditions confer risk independently of conventional factors…

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

…the global epidemics of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome [58] . Hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) remain the most potent population attributable risk factors…

Ejection fraction (EF): Physiology, Measurement & Clinical Evaluation

…large ventricular dimensions and often lower ejection fraction, as compared with non athletes. This is explained by the fact that the athlete's heart produces…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…highly stochastic events. This is due to the fact that the vast majority of these arrests are caused by ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation…

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

…ejection fraction does not equate to normal cardiac function, but rather to a state where stroke volume is maintained only at the expense of pathologically…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…Reserve (FFR) Ratio of distal coronary pressure (Pd) to aortic pressure (Pa) at maximal pharmacologic hyperemia (adenosine); approximates fraction of normal maximal flow preserved by…

Left ventricular diastolic function

…function and echocardiographic assessment The importance of systolic function can be understood on an intuitive basis. Consider the fact that the left ventricle contracts and…

🟠 SYNTAX Score II

…renal function, left ventricular ejection fraction) to provide a more personalized risk assessment. Key Variables in SYNTAX Score II Anatomical SYNTAX Score : Derived from the…

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