…Advantages of fractional shortening If ventricular geometry is normal and there are no regional wall motion abnormalities, then fractional shortening correlates strongly with ejection fraction…

…or supranormal ejection fraction , despite manifest heart failure and severe symptoms. These individuals exhibit pronounced hypertrophy, resulting in a reduction of ventricular volume and subsequently…

…episodes of myocardial ischemia, do not cause ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. It is clear that only a negligible fraction of all episodes of myocardial…

…Using Echocardiography: A Guide to Methods and Clinical Relevance The shunt fraction (Qp/Qs) is a critical hemodynamic parameter used to quantify the ratio of…

…a clinical syndrome defined by the combination of symptoms and/or signs of heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 41–49%…

…ejection fraction does not equate to normal cardiac function, but rather to a state where stroke volume is maintained only at the expense of pathologically…

…peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion [3] . Within this spectrum, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) is specifically classified…

…the role of revascularization itself in stable coronary artery disease, while a distinct evidence base has emerged for coronary microvascular and vasospastic disease using coronary…

…as a frequent mechanism of clinical deterioration and acute decompensation despite apparently effective chronic treatment. Functional limitation is commonly described using the New York Heart…