…blood tests and other radiological examinations are most often required, in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of the pericardium…

…computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is a non invasive anatomical examination that depicts the coronary arterial lumen, atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary…

…photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit…

…tissue. The distribution of retained tracer provides tomographic information about relative regional perfusion. Imaging is generally performed at rest and during exercise or pharmacological stress…

…the occurrence of contrast induced AKI is negligible or very low. Risk rises substantially with chronic kidney disease, particularly diabetic kidney disease and advanced CKD…

…and radiographic density of coronary calcification. CAC therefore functions primarily as an imaging biomarker of coronary atherosclerotic burden rather than as a direct measure of…

…and may not show the EEM through substantial plaque or calcium. Blood clearance is required because blood causes strong backscatter of the light signal. Imaging…

…perfusion and wall motion. Cardiac planes All imaging modalities define, orient and display the heart using the long axis of the left ventricle and selected…

…detected during imaging. Exercise is the preferred method for inducing myocardial stress, as it provides additional diagnostic and prognostic information, including symptoms, heart rate response…

…because coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and functional imaging have higher diagnostic performance. Its most consistent contemporary role is therefore the assessment of functional capacity…

…intermediate non left main coronary stenoses. Myocardial ischaemia may occur despite the absence of significant epicardial obstruction. In patients with anginal symptoms and unobstructed or…

…myocardial perfusion imaging Exercise stress testing is contraindicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, severe aortic stenosis, decompensated heart failure, and uncontrolled arrhythmias…

…imaging, or fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography can refine interpretation. Coronary plaque and future events Angiographic stenosis severity is an imperfect predictor of…

…Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently the most suitable imaging modality for detecting neoatherosclerosis, although its resolution does not consistently permit identification of foamy macrophages…

…with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic stunning Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF…

…and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can reveal lesions that are not apparent on conventional angiography. Coronary vasomotor disorders may involve epicardial spasm or abnormalities of…

…clarifying the genesis of the mass. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of the heart) and computed tomography (DT of the heart) are appropriate…

…magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac computerized tomography (CT), ergospirometry (exercise stress testing), and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex…

…LMCA is short and branches into the two arteries supplying the anterior and left side of the heart, as follows: The left anterior descending coronary…

…computed tomography (CT) views. (A) Angiographic schematic showing the right coronary artery (RCA), left main coronary artery (LMCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD), and left…

…tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), and echocardiography have enabled detailed functional and anatomical imaging of cardiac anatomy, assessment of coronary artery stenosis, and…

…increased incidence and prevalence of cancer, heart failure, obesity, type 2 diabetes and physical inactivity. The increased use of computed tomography (CT), and improvements in…