…in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of the pericardium The pericardium consists of a parietal layer and a visceral…

…blood and myocardium have intermediate values. Iodinated contrast increases the attenuation of the blood pool and permits delineation of the coronary lumen. Coronary imaging is…

…negative findings. Radiotracers in myocardial perfusion imaging Radiotracers are designed to identify ischemic areas of the myocardium by highlighting regions with reduced blood flow. Radiotracers…

…tissue. The distribution of retained tracer provides tomographic information about relative regional perfusion. Imaging is generally performed at rest and during exercise or pharmacological stress…

…function occurring after exposure to iodinated contrast media, particularly during cardiovascular angiography, computed tomography, or percutaneous coronary intervention. The preferred terminology is contrast associated AKI…

…Visual reporting of coronary calcification using four categories—none, mild, moderate, or severe—is recommended when such findings are available. Further diagnostic imaging solely because…

…coherence tomography (OCT). Unlike coronary angiography, which produces a two dimensional luminogram and has limited specificity for plaque and vessel wall pathology, intravascular imaging provides…

…Cardiac planes All imaging modalities define, orient and display the heart using the long axis of the left ventricle and selected planes oriented at 90°…

…rest. Patients experiencing angina at rest are not suitable candidates for perfusion imaging. Detecting ischemic regions requires provocation using pharmacologic agents or physical exercise. Pharmacologic…

…because coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and functional imaging have higher diagnostic performance. Its most consistent contemporary role is therefore the assessment of functional capacity…

…information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other…

…risk of future cardiac events in patients with known CAD or after myocardial infarction. Assessing myocardial viability: Myocardial perfusion imaging can determine whether dysfunctional myocardium…

…imaging, or fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography can refine interpretation. Coronary plaque and future events Angiographic stenosis severity is an imperfect predictor of…

…Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently the most suitable imaging modality for detecting neoatherosclerosis, although its resolution does not consistently permit identification of foamy macrophages…

…clinical significance of imaging findings. Historically, revascularization was considered capable of improving LV systolic function and prognosis by restoring perfusion to viable dysfunctional myocardium while…

…optical coherence tomography (OCT) can reveal lesions that are not apparent on conventional angiography. Coronary vasomotor disorders may involve epicardial spasm or abnormalities of the…

…at clarifying the genesis of the mass. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of the heart) and computed tomography (DT of the heart) are…

…g cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac computerized tomography (CT), ergospirometry (exercise stress testing), and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and…

…leads. Localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia is done by using ECG changes to determine the affected area and subsequently the occluded coronary artery (culprit). Figure…

ECG Left main coronary artery occlusion Left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies…

…of non invasive cardiovascular imaging Advances in computerized tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), and echocardiography have enabled detailed functional and anatomical imaging of…

…ageing population, increased incidence and prevalence of cancer, heart failure, obesity, type 2 diabetes and physical inactivity. The increased use of computed tomography (CT), and…