…owing to changes in intra and extracellular electrolyte concentrations. Some electrolyte imbalances are clinically negligible (from an electrophysiological standpoint), whereas others may be life threatening…

…differ between patients. Myocardial ischaemia may result predominantly from obstructive epicardial coronary disease, coronary vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, or combinations of these mechanisms. Drug selection can…

…or coronary anatomy unsuitable for further intervention. In ANOCA/INOCA, coronary atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and distinct coronary functional abnormalities may produce ischaemia without an obstructive…

…pancreatic or bowel resections (leading to "short bowel syndrome"), parathyroid and thyroid surgeries, as well as medications and agents such as bisphosphonates, calcitonin, citrate (from…

…Atrial fibrillation with onset during hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), alcohol overdose, thoracic surgery, acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis/myocarditis or pulmonary embolism is often a reversible arrhythmia with…