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Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…acute aortic dissection, thrombosis of a graft or aneurysm, popliteal artery entrapment, trauma, phlegmasia cerulea dolens, ergotism, hypercoagulable states or iatrogenic vascular injury. Acute occlusion…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and other conventional risk factors, together with diabetes specific vascular and metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is associated with inflammation, thrombosis…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…risk of thrombosis related to the intravascular foreign body. First generation DES, particularly sirolimus and paclitaxel eluting devices, were associated with increased late and very…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…depends on the vascular territory involved and may include systemic arterial embolic manifestations. The source material does not provide a detailed catalogue of specific embolic…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…in the absence of CTEPH, lung disease, or another explanatory cause. PAH reflects marked pulmonary arterial remodelling, with fibroproliferative, plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…contributes to the extension and severity of ischemic injury. In its most severe form, known as no reflow, structural and functional impairments sustain vascular obstruction…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…and hyperthyroidism Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, with increased risk of hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia, or severe coronary or valvular disease Recent…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…and certain disease entities can span both categories; for example, acute heart failure may occur in the context of acute myocardial ischaemia, though abnormal cardiac…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…and pericarditis Coronary or large vessel arteritis Pulmonary arterial vasculopathy and pulmonary hypertension Arterial and venous thrombosis Valvular heart disease Cardiac dysrhythmias Arterial stiffness and…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery. Plaque erosion or rupture exposes thrombogenic material to circulating blood. Platelets adhere, become activated, and aggregate…

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