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Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…of cardiac troponins in peripheral blood is mandatory to establish a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. ECG – ST elevations, ST depressions, T wave inversions and pathological…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…atherosclerotic plaque disruption (rupture or erosion). The dynamic thrombotic component can vary in burden and may lead to distal coronary embolization, resulting in myocyte necrosis…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…which is driven by plaque rupture and thrombosis. The mechanisms leading to Type 2 MI are diverse and can be broadly categorised by whether they…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…aortic stenosis – due to risk of syncope, ischemia, and arrhythmias Endocarditis – due to risk of embolization Deep venous thrombosis – due to risk of embolization Relative…

ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…to have complete LMCA occlusion, likely because most such occlusions result in prehospital cardiac arrest and death. As in other acute coronary events, the thrombotic…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…by an mPAP/cardiac output slope greater than 3 mmHg/L/min from rest to exercise. This response is age dependent and may rarely occur…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction: lack of oxygen or imbalance between supply/demand

…in 1858 by Virchow (the same Virchow who unraveled thrombosis). He used te term to describe a reduction of blood flow to tissues and organs…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical attention due to…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…dose of 10 mg is not recommended due to higher exposure to the active metabolite and increased bleeding risk compared to patients weighing ≥ 60 kg…

Tricuspid stenosis

…preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and evidence demonstrating long term durability (Filsoufi et al). Percutaneous interventions lack long term safety and efficacy…

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