…particularly after stent implantation. In both situations, DAPT is generally a temporary strategy. At an appropriate point, it is usually replaced by single antiplatelet therapy…

…level, producing atrioventricular (AV) or intraventricular blocks. Isolated sinus bradycardia in the early hours following infarction may be associated with hemodynamic compromise. More broadly, bradyarrhythmic…

…backscatter of the light signal. Imaging is therefore typically performed during contrast injection or another method of temporary blood displacement. OCT is particularly useful for…

…STEMI has fallen with prompt reperfusion and reduction of infarct size. Earlier estimates approached 20%, whereas contemporary trials and observational databases report approximately 5–10…

…treatment with a class I recommendation for the management of acute bradycardia is transcutaneous pacing. Pharmacological interventions (Table 4) should be considered temporary, often insufficient…

…in both types, may be regular, temporary, or intermittent. Second degree sinoatrial (SA) block type 1 (Wenckebach block) In type 1 second degree sinoatrial block…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) is myocardial necrosis temporally related to coronary revascularization. It may follow percutaneous coronary intervention…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction pericarditis encompasses two temporally and clinically distinct complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): Early infarct associated pericarditis …

…or percutaneous coronary intervention. The preferred terminology is contrast associated AKI when temporal association is present; contrast induced AKI should be reserved for the smaller…

…used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled. The temporal relationship to stent implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich…

…Type IIIb: extends below the diaphragm. The temporal classification is also clinically relevant: Hyperacute: less than 24 hours from symptom onset. Acute: 1–14 days…

…hyponatremia requires careful identification of its etiology, severity (Table 2), and temporal onset. Distinguishing between acute and chronic hyponatremia, based on the rapidity of onset…

…time). Since M mode only analyzes a single ultrasound line, its temporal and axial resolution is very high, as compared with 2D echocardiography. M mode…

…intermittent symptoms of bradycardia, it is fundamental to establish a temporal correlation between the symptoms and ECG recordings confirming a bradyarrhythmia. Potentially reversible causes should…

…Figure 1. Components of the ventricular conduction system and the temporal association between the ECG waveforms and impulse transmission through the heart. Atrioventricular (AV) blocks…

…photons emitted in opposite directions. PET scanners detect these gamma rays to construct images with high spatial and temporal resolution. PET offers higher spatiotemporal quality…

…ECG, selective vascular imaging Traumatic or toxic syndrome Onset after trauma, a change in medication or an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity…

…developed over hours to days Fluctuating course Symptoms vary over the day and may appear temporarily to have resolved Inattention The patient loses the thread…

…Respiratory compromise during an ongoing crisis. Distinguish the conditions instead by temporarily withdrawing the cholinesterase inhibitor, under monitoring in a setting where the airway can…

…or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells with insulin and glucose. Add high dose salbutamol in marked hyperkalaemia if there is no contraindication. 5…

…compromise. Diagnostics The diagnosis of ACE inhibitor induced cough is primarily clinical and relies on the temporal association of the cough with the medication. Specific…

…ischaemia. A focused history should establish: Quality of the discomfort. Location and radiation. Onset and temporal pattern. Duration and recurrence. Provoking and relieving factors. Associated…

…factors, including rest or medication. Time of day and temporal pattern. Change in frequency, severity, or exercise threshold. Potential anginal equivalents include: Dyspnoea on exertion…

…Its severity and temporal pattern vary considerably. Symptoms of systemic venous congestion include: Peripheral edema Rapid weight gain Increasing abdominal girth Early satiety Bendopnea Abdominal…

…Jugular venous distension. Pulsus paradoxus. The pericardium may temporarily seal the rupture, producing subacute tamponade and cardiogenic shock rather than immediate death. Papillary muscle rupture…

…may recur when the statin is reintroduced. The temporal relationship is clinically informative: Symptoms develop after treatment initiation or dose escalation. They improve after discontinuation…

…it indicates a dismal prognosis. This threshold may trigger consideration for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) initiation ( Soar et al ). ETCO 2 trends can vary during…

…circulatory standstill and the underlying cause, as elaborated in earlier chapters (see The 3 Phase Model of Cardiac Arrest). Both chest compressions and defibrillation are…

…Figure 1. Components of the ventricular conduction system and the temporal association between the ECG and impulse transmission through the heart. An intraventricular conduction delay…

…to the contractile cells. Figure 3 illustrates the components of the conduction system and its temporal relationship to the ECG waveforms. The cardiac cycle begins…

…Stroke Volume and Frank Starling's mechanism). Compensatory mechanisms may alleviate the condition temporarily, but the elevated left atrial pressure will rapidly propagate to the…

…ventricular contraction. Rapid impulse conduction is crucial; slow spread of the impulse results in temporal dissociation of cellular activation, and thus desynchronization of contraction. Importantly…

…frames ) displayed per second. High frame rate (i.e many frames per second) is desirable because it provides better temporal resolution. Frame rate depends on…