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Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…or percutaneous coronary intervention. The preferred terminology is contrast associated AKI when temporal association is present; contrast induced AKI should be reserved for the smaller…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled. The temporal relationship to stent implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…Type IIIb: extends below the diaphragm. The temporal classification is also clinically relevant: Hyperacute: less than 24 hours from symptom onset. Acute: 1–14 days…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…hyponatremia requires careful identification of its etiology, severity (Table 2), and temporal onset. Distinguishing between acute and chronic hyponatremia, based on the rapidity of onset…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…time). Since M mode only analyzes a single ultrasound line, its temporal and axial resolution is very high, as compared with 2D echocardiography. M mode…

Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…intermittent symptoms of bradycardia, it is fundamental to establish a temporal correlation between the symptoms and ECG recordings confirming a bradyarrhythmia. Potentially reversible causes should…

Overview of atrioventricular (AV) blocks

…Figure 1. Components of the ventricular conduction system and the temporal association between the ECG waveforms and impulse transmission through the heart. Atrioventricular (AV) blocks…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…photons emitted in opposite directions. PET scanners detect these gamma rays to construct images with high spatial and temporal resolution. PET offers higher spatiotemporal quality…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…ECG, selective vascular imaging Traumatic or toxic syndrome Onset after trauma, a change in medication or an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…compromise. Diagnostics The diagnosis of ACE inhibitor induced cough is primarily clinical and relies on the temporal association of the cough with the medication. Specific…

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