…Induces arteriolar vasodilation without effects on venous circulation. The reduction in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is rapid and may cause reflex sympathetic stimulation, including tachycardia…

…action: 2 to 5 minutes Duration of action: 5 to 10 minutes. Adverse effects Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia (due to reflex sympathetic activation). Nausea. Vomiting…

…indicated if the patient remains significantly decompensated, because recurrence is frequent while the precipitating haemodynamic and sympathetic abnormalities persist. Immediate cardioversion is reserved primarily for…

…Reduction in plasma volume, preload and afterload Lower left ventricular wall stress Reduced sympathetic nervous system activity Improvement in cardiac metabolic efficiency, including increased oxygen…

…approach focusing on rhythm stabilization, relief of triggers, and reduction of sympathetic drive [4]. Rhythm Stabilization In addition to defibrillation , several pharmacological and interventional alternatives…

…coronary microvascular dysfunction (encompassing endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of sympathetic innervation), coronary embolism, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection with or without…

…and an additional trigger is required. Potential triggers include thrombus formation and sympathetic activation. Rho kinase may increase vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to calcium by…

…the first system to react to exercise. It does so by withdrawing parasympathetic activity and increasing sympathetic activity. This has multiple effects which are discussed…

…tone in the autonomic nervous system, with increased sympathetic input (leading to stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors) and parasympathetic withdrawal. Sinus tachycardia secondary to disease…

…activity. When the alcohol level suddenly falls, the compensatory excitation remains, producing tremor, sympathetic activation, hallucinations, seizures and delirium [1,6]. Repeated withdrawal episodes can…