…consideration of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy within the appropriate clinical context. Several patient related factors influence interpretation. Natriuretic peptide concentrations generally increase with age and are…

…on HbA1c. Albumin affects the total calcium — use the ionised calcium or correct for albumin. Biotin supplements interfere with many immunoassays, including troponin and TSH.

…constitute a cornerstone in the management of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These agents interfere with the renin angiotensin aldosterone system…

…negligible, and doses do not require reduction in patients with renal disease; neither amiodarone nor desethylamiodarone is dialyzable. The volume of distribution is large, averaging…

…creatinine with eGFR and liver function tests before starting. A complete medication list including over the counter drugs, herbal remedies and supplements. An assessment of…

…disease specific marker of myocardial infarction (MI). MI requires both: Acute myocardial injury, demonstrated by a rising and/or falling troponin pattern with at least…

…and metabolic expenditure. Food processing, additives and cooking methods may also contribute. The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely to result from the cumulative influence of…

…with the clinical picture, medication, fluid balance, renal function, electrolytes and supplemental oxygen [1]. Distinguish between: Acidaemia and alkalaemia , which describe the current pH of…