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Interpreting NT-proBNP and BNP in Clinical Decision-Making

…transferred directly to patients with less acute outpatient symptoms. Natriuretic peptides supplement, rather than replace, clinical assessment. The result should be integrated with the history…

ACE Inhibitors: Initiation, Titration and Creatinine Monitoring

…patients with preexisting azotemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus, or in those taking potassium supplements. When managing albuminuria or CKD, the serum creatinine and potassium should…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…even in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, though those with depressed ejection fraction should receive it with great caution due to the risk of hypotension…

Common laboratory tests

…on HbA1c. Albumin affects the total calcium — use the ionised calcium or correct for albumin. Biotin supplements interfere with many immunoassays, including troponin and TSH.

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…accelerated algorithm has already been initiated. Evaluation and Physical Examination Patients with suspected ACS should undergo expedited emergency department assessment. The initial evaluation includes: Targeted…

Warfarin therapy

…0 The time in therapeutic range (TTR) should exceed 70 % Venous thromboembolism 2.0–3.0 Overlap with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for at…

Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…supplemental oxygen, sampling technique, air bubbles and analytical delay, and compare with the electrolyte panel Rapid classification pH pCO₂ HCO₃ Likely dominant process : : : : Low High…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…reduction in major cardiovascular events with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with either nuts or extra virgin olive oil compared with a low fat dietary pattern…

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