…on HbA1c. Albumin affects the total calcium — use the ionised calcium or correct for albumin. Biotin supplements interfere with many immunoassays, including troponin and TSH.

…but their release is not specific to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Levels may also rise with: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction Valvular heart disease Pulmonary hypertension…

…after initiation of ACE inhibitors, especially in patients with preexisting azotemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus, or in those taking potassium supplements. When managing albuminuria or…

…even in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, though those with depressed ejection fraction should receive it with great caution due to the risk of hypotension…

…is the most common symptom initiating evaluation for ACS. Features that increase the likelihood of ACS include: Sudden symptoms at rest or with minimal exertion…

…blood count, creatinine with eGFR and liver function tests before starting. A complete medication list including over the counter drugs, herbal remedies and supplements. An…

…failure is not suspected Shock with a large arteriovenous difference Arterial sample, sometimes supplemented with a central venous sample Common approximate arterial reference ranges in…

…reduction in major cardiovascular events with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with either nuts or extra virgin olive oil compared with a low fat dietary pattern…