…Rheumatic heart disease is rare in high income countries, presumably because streptococcal infections are treated very liberally. Figure 1 shows the aortic valve in PSAX…

…devices (pacemaker, CRT, ICD). In addition to staphylococcus aureus , hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci cause acute endocarditis. Other microorganisms, generally, cause subacute endocarditis. Endocarditis can affect…