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Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…Right ventricular strain When assessing the right half of the heart, it is important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing…

Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation

…Figure 1A 2C. The orientation of myocardial muscle fibers results in longitudinal, radial and circumferential shortening (contraction). Traditional methods for investigating left ventricular function — e…

ECG parameters

…speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10 mm. At 50 mm/s a small square (1 mm) corresponds to 20 ms and…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…than men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…choice in pregnancy and an alternative in cancer associated thrombosis. Warfarin in antiphospholipid syndrome and in marked renal failure. Duration of treatment: at least 3…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

…with reduced left ventricular function (e.g. defined as ejection fraction <40 %) are at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT) Ventricular…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…deliver blood at a rate appropriate to tissue requirements unless filling pressures are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion…

Assessing left ventricular systolic function

…and is thus a measure of systolic function. Strain and strain rate Myocardium deforms during systole and diastole. The deformation is due to contraction and…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…connection and the relationship of the great arteries (segmental analysis). Ventricular function is evaluated using ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and myocardial thickness. Strain…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…right sided chest leads and deeper S waves in left sided leads. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) The most common causes of left ventricular hypertrophy are…

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