…some patients present with severe LMCA stenosis exacerbated by other conditions, and these must also be recognized. Prompt identification of LMCA involvement is therefore critical…

…flow preserved by the stenosis. Cutoff ≤ 0.80. Deepest outcome trial evidence base of any physiological index; lesion specific and largely independent of resting hemodynamics…

…up to 40 mm Hg in older and obese patients. References Baumgartner et al : Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE Recommendations for Clinical Practice…

…coronary artery stenosis. Stress can be induced pharmacologically with coronary vasodilatory agents or simulated hemodynamically through exercise or the use of chronotropic and inotropic agents…

…overcoming the resistance in the stenosis and maintaining adequate stroke volumes. Thus, ventricular hypertrophy is a compensatory mechanism, the purpose of which is to maint

…of mitral stenosis Mitral stenosis hinders atrial emptying. This results in an increase in left atrial pressure (LAP), which gradually leads to atrial hypertrophy and…

…stenosis) requires intervention. Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and…

…stenosed. Plaque rupture Plaques prone to rupture characteristically contain a large lipid pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of…

…Bernoulli principle can be used to calculate pressure gradients across valvular stenoses and regurgitations. The equation is agnostic to the direction of the blood flow…

…of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 30 (4), pp. 303–371. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007. Aortic stenosis…