…the left atrium encounters increased resistance (e.g due to mitral valve stenosis) it becomes enlarged (hypertrophy) which amplifies its contribution to the P wave…

…3.0 WU up to 40 mm Hg in older and obese patients. References Baumgartner et al : Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE Recommendations…

…extreme axis deviation Extreme axis deviation is rare. It is most likely due to misplaced limb electrodes. If the rhythm is tachycardia with wide QRS…

…been excluded. Causes of extreme axis deviation Rare. Most likely due to misplaced limb electrodes. If the rhythm is tachycardia with wide QRS complexes, then…

…stenosis) requires intervention. Valve replacement can be performed with biological or mechanical prostheses. The former is preferred due to the lower risk of thrombosis and…

…which is due to the low sensitivity of the method (details below). Sensitivity and specificity are considerably higher for CT angiography, SPECT, echocardiography, and coronary…

…malignant arrhythmias, and rapid progression to cardiogenic shock. Ventricular fibrillation or asystole may occur early due to the massive ischemia. Complete LMCA occlusion is typically…

Enalaprilat Enalaprilat is rarely used in hypertensive crisis due to its slow onset, prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug…

…aortic stenosis, there is increased resistance in the aortic valve itself, due to the reduced area of the valvular orifice. Both aortic stenosis and hypertension…

…only when related to one another. A low blood pressure may be due to low flow, low vascular tone or both, and the appropriate action…