…with a mean gradient ≥ 40 mmHg. Fluid responsiveness Static measures such as the CVP predict fluid responsiveness poorly. Dynamic measures are better: a pulse pressure…

…reducing the dose or stopping therapy. It is divided clinically into: Complete intolerance: inability to tolerate any dose of any statin. Partial intolerance: inability to…

Initial Focus: High potency statin therapy is foundational unless contraindicated. Combination Therapy: Ezetimibe is the next step if LDL C targets are not met with…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological basis Ezetimibe is a non statin lipid lowering agent that inhibits the Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter…

…Treatment setting Approximate LDL C reduction versus placebo Monotherapy 23% Added to background statin therapy 18% Fixed dose combination with ezetimibe 38% Pooled analyses across…

…therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy, with or without other LDL…

…receptor expression, accelerating clearance of circulating LDL particles and lowering plasma LDL C. Statin therapy also produces a modest, dose dependent reduction in triglycerides. The…

…Indications PCSK9 inhibitors are used as additional lipid lowering therapy in patients whose LDL C remains above the recommended goal despite maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…Erosion: Responsible for up to 30% of ACS cases, plaque erosion is increasingly recognized in the modern era of high intensity statin therapy. Unlike rupture…

…physical activity, dietary and lifestyle measures, high intensity statin therapy, and appropriate antithrombotic treatment form the broader management framework. Response to treatment should be reviewed…

…Lifestyle modification is appropriate across the risk spectrum. Statin therapy is considered when the anticipated benefit is sufficient, with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring used…