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Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…connection and the relationship of the great arteries (segmental analysis). Ventricular function is evaluated using ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and myocardial thickness. Strain…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…strain When assessing the right half of the heart, it is important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing on the…

Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation

…implemented in clinical practice and is now widely recommended. This chapter discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of deformation (strain, strain rate) and myocardial motion…

ECG parameters

…speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10 mm. At 50 mm/s a small square (1 mm) corresponds to 20 ms and…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…< 100 mmHg and a saturation < 90 per cent. An sPESI of 0 indicates low risk. Anticoagulation A DOAC is the first choice in…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…than men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…occur because elevated left sided filling pressures are transmitted to the pulmonary circulation. Persistent pulmonary vascular disease can lead to right ventricular strain and dysfunction…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…vector of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left sided leads (V5, V6, aVL and I) and…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

…one of the greatest advances in cardiology. Until 1961, patients with acute myocardial infarction were placed in beds located far away from physicians' and nurses…

Assessing left ventricular systolic function

…the apex during systole. Mitral annulus velocity correlates well with ejection fraction, stroke volume and is thus a measure of systolic function. Strain and strain…

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