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Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…connection and the relationship of the great arteries (segmental analysis). Ventricular function is evaluated using ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and myocardial thickness. Strain…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

Echocardiography Right ventricular strain When assessing the right half of the heart, it is important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions…

Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation

…implemented in clinical practice and is now widely recommended. This chapter discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of deformation (strain, strain rate) and myocardial motion…

ECG parameters

…deviation — left anterior fascicular block, inferior infarction, hypertrophy +90° to +180° Right axis deviation — right ventricular strain, lateral infarction, left posterior fascicular block −90° to…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…trauma and old age. A positive value is not a diagnosis. Risk grading in confirmed pulmonary embolism Risk Haemodynamics Right ventricular strain (echo or CT…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…than men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…to the pulmonary circulation. Persistent pulmonary vascular disease can lead to right ventricular strain and dysfunction, which is associated with poor outcomes. Preserving right ventricular…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…waves in right sided chest leads and deeper S waves in left sided leads. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) The most common causes of left ventricular…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

…one of the greatest advances in cardiology. Until 1961, patients with acute myocardial infarction were placed in beds located far away from physicians' and nurses…

Assessing left ventricular systolic function

…the apex during systole. Mitral annulus velocity correlates well with ejection fraction, stroke volume and is thus a measure of systolic function. Strain and strain…

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