…connection and the relationship of the great arteries (segmental analysis). Ventricular function is evaluated using ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and myocardial thickness. Strain…

…afterload. In the case of left ventricular failure, the pressure in the pulmonary vessels rises and the pressure rise propagates to the right ventricle. Pulmonary…

…The orientation of myocardial muscle fibers results in longitudinal, radial and circumferential shortening (contraction). Traditional methods for investigating left ventricular function — e.g ejection fraction…

…and the U wave must not be included. Electrical axis Electrical axis Interpretation : : −30° to +90° Normal −30° to −90° Left axis deviation — left anterior…

…< 100 mmHg and a saturation < 90 per cent. An sPESI of 0 indicates low risk. Anticoagulation A DOAC is the first choice in…

…than men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction…

…occur because elevated left sided filling pressures are transmitted to the pulmonary circulation. Persistent pulmonary vascular disease can lead to right ventricular strain and dysfunction…

…LVH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The electrical vector of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left…

…one of the greatest advances in cardiology. Until 1961, patients with acute myocardial infarction were placed in beds located far away from physicians' and nurses…

…left ventricular function (systolic function). It should be noted, however, that three dimensional (3D) echocardiography offers greater precision in the calculation of ejection fraction, and…