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Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…women than men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection…

ECG parameters

…to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10 mm. At 50 mm/s a…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

…favorable prognosis, as compared with other forms of ventricular tachycardia. Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia (VT) may emerge due to increased/abnormal automaticity, re…

Assessing left ventricular systolic function

…with ejection fraction, stroke volume and is thus a measure of systolic function. Strain and strain rate Myocardium deforms during systole and diastole. The deformation…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…the location of the ventricle in the thorax. It is localized immediately behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the…

Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation

…of the motion. Myocardial motion and velocity can be measured with pulsed tissue Doppler (see Pulsed Wave Doppler). Tissue Doppler allows for sampling of specific…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…or cardiac arrest with suspected pulmonary embolism. Urgent bedside echocardiography, looking for right ventricular strain. If CT pulmonary angiography can be performed immediately, do it…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion or impaired cardiac performance rather than by ejection fraction alone. Heart failure…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…the relationship of the great arteries (segmental analysis). Ventricular function is evaluated using ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and myocardial thickness. Strain imaging is…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…LVH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The electrical vector of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left…

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