…section (SAX, short axis view), the the ventricle is rather a crescent shaped appendage of the left ventricle. On longitudinal sections (A4C, apical four chamber…

…The orientation of myocardial muscle fibers results in longitudinal, radial and circumferential shortening (contraction). Traditional methods for investigating left ventricular function — e.g ejection fraction…

…right ventricular strain, lateral infarction, left posterior fascicular block −90° to ±180° Extreme axis deviation Amplitude criteria Criterion Threshold Suggests : : : Sokolow–Lyon S in V1…

…women than men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection…

…or cardiac arrest with suspected pulmonary embolism. Urgent bedside echocardiography, looking for right ventricular strain. If CT pulmonary angiography can be performed immediately, do it…

…virtually all cases. Ventricular tachycardia causes immense strain on the ventricular myocardium, simultaneously as the cause of the arrhythmia already affects cellular function. This results…

…occur because elevated left sided filling pressures are transmitted to the pulmonary circulation. Persistent pulmonary vascular disease can lead to right ventricular strain and dysfunction…

…in subsequent chapters. Stroke volume (SV) Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole. It is…

…thickness. Strain imaging is also used routinely to visualize regional myocardial function and mechanics. Loading conditions and heart rate may affect left ventricular function. Transesophageal…

…sided chest leads and deeper S waves in left sided leads. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) The most common causes of left ventricular hypertrophy are aortic…