…of myocardium at risk. Over 48 hours: urgent PCI is still indicated with continuing ischaemia, shock, serious arrhythmia or acute heart failure. Routine opening of…

…Anaphylaxis is a clinical diagnosis. Treat as anaphylaxis in any of the following: 1. Acute onset of skin or mucosal symptoms , for example generalised urticaria…

…output sufficiently will result in the following compilations: Pulmonary edema develops due to rising LAP and LVEDP. Cardiogenic shock develops if the cardiac output is…

…and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest is high and pharmacological interventions are frequently futile. It is often necessary…

…shock, hypoxia and any other underlying cause immediately. 9. Request ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract when a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded…

…the following immediately: 1. Call for help using the words massive haemorrhage , and state the patient's location and identity, the presumed cause of bleeding…

…trauma, and shock, where perfusion may be compromised. Hemodynamic determinants of MAP Hemodynamically, MAP is influenced by cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR…

… and Clinical evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia. At least one of the following provides the required evidence of ischaemia: Symptoms compatible with myocardial ischaemia New…

…manifestations of myocardial ischaemia following an acute gastrointestinal bleed or a sustained tachyarrhythmia. Symptoms of acute myocardial ischaemia are required for a formal diagnosis of…

…or cardiogenic shock. UA itself is defined by a recent change in the pattern of myocardial ischaemia rather than by a particular symptom intensity alone…