Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Refractory angina is a chronic syndrome of persistent ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options…

…signs of raised intracranial pressure or impending herniation Moderately severe symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity…

…electrocardiographic abnormalities and with or without an acute rise in cardiac troponin. The spectrum ranges from symptom free presentation to persistent chest discomfort, cardiac arrest…

…limiting epicardial coronary stenosis. It is therefore a disorder of coronary microvascular perfusion rather than persistent obstruction of the treated epicardial segment. The phenomenon occurs…

…elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent ST segment elevation…

…undergoes extensive first pass hepatic metabolism through CYP3A4. Dose adjustment is required in severe hepatic or renal impairment, and clinically relevant interactions occur with CYP3A4…

…STEMI) is an acute myocardial infarction associated with a working diagnosis of persistent ST segment elevation or an accepted equivalent in the setting of ischaemic…

…weakness to paralysis and is a particularly important marker of threatened limb viability. Paralysis generally indicates severe and persistent ischaemia. The limb may be cold…

…Severe features include: Severe hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg Headache that does not respond to medication Visual disturbance Persistent severe epigastric pain…

…low output, or persistent severe symptoms require close monitoring and consideration of invasive haemodynamic assessment when precise measurements are needed to guide therapy. Diagnostics Electrocardiography…