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🟠 Inotropes and Vasopressors

…and additionally severe hypertension (caution if patient on nonselective beta blockers). Dobutamine Cardiogenic shock Bradycardia (second line therapy) Stress testing (due to induced increase in…

Sotalol: Initiation, QT Monitoring and Renal Dosing

…QRS duration largely unchanged. Continuous ECG monitoring is mandated during hospital initiation to detect excessive QT prolongation, proarrhythmia, and severe bradycardia. Patients should be monitored…

Inotropes and Vasopressors: Doses, indications, contraindications and effects

…and additionally severe hypertension (caution if patient on nonselective beta blockers). Dobutamine Cardiogenic shock Bradycardia (second line therapy) Stress testing (due to induced increase in…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…with severe kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min). Patients with mild to moderate heart failure, kidney or liver disease, especially when combined…

Short Synacthen test

…is performed later. Contraindications Known hypersensitivity to tetracosactide or ACTH. Marked atopic disease, particularly severe asthma and a history of anaphylaxis — a relative contraindication; the…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…necrosis arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of…

Ivabradine: Indications, Dosing and Heart-Rate Targets

…beats/min. The reduction in the combined outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation was related to the magnitude of heart rate reduction. Ivabradine…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…the pain beneath the xiphoid and epigastrium, combined with patient denial, often leads to a mistaken impression of indigestion. STEMI pain can simulate pain from…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…severe form of muscle injury. The biological basis of many reported muscle symptoms remains uncertain. Randomized trials have shown muscle adverse event rates similar to…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…condition. It is associated with a two to four fold increase in lifetime cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and approximately doubles cardiovascular risk on average. Its…

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