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🟠 Nitroprusside

…are rare. Renal failure increases risk of cyanide toxicity. Cyanide toxicity requires doses 2 μg/kg/minute. Use the lowest possible dose, avoiding prolonged…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…speech, work of breathing, level of consciousness and PEF improve at the same time. Acute severe asthma is characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucus…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…to taper off, not to increase the dose. Contraindications Ongoing respiratory depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and…

🟠 Pulmonary valve

…Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 11 (3), pp. 223–244. DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq030. Pulmonary valve stenosis Mild stenosis Moderate stenosis Severe…

🟠 Mitral valve

…Gonzalo; Baumgartner, Helmut et al. (2012): Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). In European heart journal 33 (19), pp. 2451–2496…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

…Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…coexist with severe hypertension. The decision to lower BP in acute stroke requires attention to the type of stroke and the possibility of thrombolytic treatment…

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Myocardial Viability Assessment and Revascularization

…Brief coronary occlusion or relatively prolonged moderate ischemia may produce post ischemic stunning. In the absence of infarction, contractile recovery can occur rapidly after reperfusion…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…or impending herniation Moderately severe symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of the symptoms is limited…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…Acute myocardial infarction is the most severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable…

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