…ischemia and infarction Procedurer Definition and scope Coronary angiography is an invasive fluoroscopic procedure in which contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary…

…Everyone in the emergency medical service (EMS) is trained in BLS. It is increasingly common to dispatch first responders to OHCA, in addition to ambulances…

…medical assistance rather than self presenting to an emergency department or contacting primary care first. If ischaemic discomfort persists, emergency medical services should be called…

…must function cohesively to ensure timely and effective treatment. This chapter provides an overview of the entire care continuum, from prehospital assessment to hospital discharge…

CPR Basic life support (BLS) can be provided by anyone, including laypeople. As shown in Table 1, BLS is an exceptionally effective treatment, with a…

…or clearly worse than baseline. Contact relatives, home care services, the residential care home or the previous care provider. 5. Confirm delirium with a structured…

…infarction (STEMI) is a working diagnosis based on persistent ST segment elevation or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern in a patient with symptoms of myocardial ischaemia…

…and apical windows are obtained with the patient positioned in the left lateral decubitus position, provided that the patient is able to assume this position…

…focus on the ECG waves in terms of morphology (appearance), durations and intervals. A rather extensive discussion is provided in order to give the reader…

…article The normal electrocardiogram (ECG). A brief summary of the video lecture and the article is provided below. PR interval and PR segment The PR…

…of the pericardium, as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial disease, it is important…

…and obesity is increasingly recognised as a potential contributor. Coronary artery disease is particularly relevant in HFmrEF and may provide an important substrate for LV

…asymptomatic, NSVT serves as a critical marker of arrhythmogenic risk, particularly in the setting of ischemic heart disease or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

CPR Accidental hypothermia Accidental hypothermia is defined as an unintentional decrease in body temperature to below 35°C. The lowest recorded body temperatures from which patients…

…except that an electrical charge developed which fibrillated the heart. This electrical factor came and killed and disappeared and was not found in the dead…

…not an acceptable routine target. The shorter the ischaemic time, the more myocardium can be salvaged. Call the PCI service in parallel with drug treatment…

…organ by organ in consultation between the intensive care physician and the transplant service. Contraindications An expressed refusal by the deceased — in the donation register…

…load (the ventricle is empty or nearly empty). In patients with an initial shockable rhythm, compressions and ventilation can extend the duration of the shockable…

…Interruption before an elective procedure The duration of interruption is governed by the bleeding risk of the procedure and by renal function. In markedly reduced…

…by dividing body weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. BMI is relevant for medical prognostication as it serves as a quick…

…preferred. An increase of 1 2 mEq/L per hour for a total of 4 6 mEq/L in 24 hours may be targeted. Chronic…

…It was developed in 2010, using data from the EuroHeart survey. Components of the HAS BLED Score The HAS BLED score is an acronym that…

…development of an entirely new arrhythmia. Electrophysiologic mechanisms of proarrhythmia include prolongation of repolarisation, increased transmural dispersion, EAD mediated TdP, and alterations in reentry pathways…

…5–10%, although some series report 10–20%. Other life threatening cardiopulmonary conditions account for approximately 5% of presentations in some populations. Despite this relatively…

…is not itself an atherosclerotic lesion, but it may cause local coronary injury over time. Atherosclerotic disease appears more likely to develop in the arterial…

…are available. Further diagnostic imaging solely because calcified plaque is present in an asymptomatic individual is not supported by the available evidence described here. Systematic…

…presentations in different series and approximately 5–10% of patients presenting with myocardial infarction in other reports. It is more frequent in women and in…

…findings. OMI is defined by acute coronary artery occlusion causing transmural ischemia and requiring urgent reperfusion, even in the absence of classic ST elevation. Multiple…

…risk of an adverse neurological outcome. In summary, while the absence of a pupillary reflex upon hospital admission post cardiac arrest serves as an unfavorable…

…regions in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is based on principles similar to those used in echocardiography. The 17 segment model of the left ventricle serves…

…present intermittently during the illness and, in some series, is reported in up to approximately one third of patients. Its absence therefore does not exclude…

…ventricle. It extends the A H interval, which serves as an index of AV nodal conduction, but does not significantly alter the H V interval…

…Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 81:27 33 . Watts S, Smith JE, Gwyther R, Kirkman E. Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model…