…the co administration of multiple QT prolonging medications, and drug accumulation secondary to renal or hepatic impairment or the inhibition of cytochrome P450 metabolism [1…

…70 years Male sex Previous upper gastrointestinal disease Hepatic or renal disease Multiple cardiovascular risk factors Concomitant nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs Corticosteroid therapy Other antiplatelet…

…the enzyme. By inhibiting this pump, digoxin affects multiple cellular processes critical to cardiac myocyte function, ultimately exerting a mild positive inotropic effect. Beyond its…

…methods may also contribute. The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely to result from the cumulative influence of multiple modest dietary changes. Mediterranean type diets provide…

…the remaining ones are malignant. • Secondary cardiac tumours have spread to the heart by metastasis or invasion from surrounding tissue. Differential Diagnostics There are several…

…chronic kidney disease (CKD), and multiple non cardiovascular conditions are frequent features. A proposed disease pathway involves systemic and coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation associated with…

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and pathophysiology Secondary hypertension is elevated blood pressure attributable to a specific, identifiable underlying cause. It should be considered in every…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiological basis Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI) encompasses long term interventions intended to reduce recurrent infarction…

…Unstable coronary artery disease. Stable angina pectoris. Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Stroke Contraindications Cross reactivity…

…and infarction Definition and Purpose Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary secondary prevention intervention for patients with cardiovascular disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction…