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Cardiac tumors

…minority of cardiac tumors, occur in the heart tissue. Approximately 80% of all primary tumors are benign, and the remaining ones are malignant. • Secondary cardiac…

Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…depending on the specific drug and dosage [1]. Acute Management and Treatment Alternatives The management of TdP and related malignant ventricular arrhythmias requires a structured…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…morbidity and mortality. This is presumably explained by a higher incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. It has been suggested that the high risk of ventricular…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the differential diagnosis includes oesophagitis, gastritis, a Mallory Weiss tear, a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an aortoenteric…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

… rather, it is an indicator of increased cardiovascular risk and a setting in which secondary hypertension is relatively common. Patients presumed to have resistant hypertension…

Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

…absence of contraindications, using a loading dose followed by maintenance treatment. The source material does not specify the loading dose. Efficacy and harms In secondary…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…to moderate heart failure, kidney or liver disease, especially when combined with diuretics (risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function). Patients with bronchial asthma…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…and mortality The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early post infarction physical activity programmes into a structured centre of secondary cardiovascular prevention in…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that inhibit other platelet pathways. The distinction between primary and secondary prevention…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…widened QRS complex and secondary ST T wave abnormalities [7]. Diagnostic Criteria The diagnostic requirements for LBBB vary by the stringency of the criteria applied…

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