…Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancies cause 90% of all cases of hypercalcemia. Less common causes are immobilization, sarcoidosis, thyrotoxicosis, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, Addison's disease, renal…

…factors and relevant comorbidities Evidence of hypertension mediated organ damage Existing cardiac, cerebrovascular, or renal disease The possibility of a secondary cause The medical and…

…pathophysiological basis Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI) encompasses long term interventions intended to reduce recurrent infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic…

…Unstable coronary artery disease. Stable angina pectoris. Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Stroke Contraindications Cross reactivity…

…centre of secondary cardiovascular prevention in which exercise, lifestyle intervention, education, and guideline directed medical therapy are integrated. Rationale and Pathophysiological Basis Survivors of STEMI…

…pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that inhibit other platelet pathways. The distinction between primary and secondary prevention…

…widened QRS complex and secondary ST T wave abnormalities [7]. Diagnostic Criteria The diagnostic requirements for LBBB vary by the stringency of the criteria applied…

…syndromes (ACS). Its principal therapeutic objective is reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), the primary lipid target in contemporary secondary prevention. Statins inhibit…

…potassium, and resistant to suppression by sodium loading. It is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone acts principally through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)…

…likelihood of secondary hypertension and with substantially greater cardiovascular risk than hypertension controlled with treatment. Reported risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, end stage renal disease…