…and favour the accumulation of fat, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix beneath the endothelium. Plaques that are particularly prone to rupture characteristically contain:…

…90 days. The central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe…

…progressive, and cardiogenic shock may develop rapidly. Ventricular septal rupture VSR typically causes: Recurrent chest pain. Dyspnoea. Hypotension. Rapid development of biventricular failure. Pulmonary oedema…

…atherosclerotic disease. Pathophysiology Mechanisms of acute coronary syndrome The major mechanisms producing acute coronary syndromes are: Plaque rupture with exposure of thrombogenic material. Superficial plaque…

…results in increased levels of circulating pro inflammatory cytokines that may cause plaque rupture (i.e the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during…

…MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth Universal Definition published in…

…atherothrombosis. It is usually precipitated by disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque through rupture or erosion. The relative contributions of plaque disease and thrombus vary considerably…

…in mitral prolapse. Extensive myocardial infarction may lead to papillary muscle rupture. The risk of rupture is greater for the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only…

…physiological effect of a coronary lesion depends on more than its visual diameter reduction. Relevant determinants include: Lesion eccentricity Vessel tortuosity Calcification Plaque rupture or…

…STE ACS (ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome) : STE ACS occurs when plaque rupture, and the ensuing atherothrombosis, causes a complete occlusion of the coronary artery…