…function and favour the accumulation of fat, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix beneath the endothelium. Plaques that are particularly prone to rupture characteristically…

…rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe acute aortic regurgitation, coronary malperfusion, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, shock and…

…wall rupture Free wall rupture may be catastrophic or subacute. In the catastrophic form, an acute tear causes haemopericardium, tamponade, and sudden: Loss of pulse…

…and spotty calcification. However, the concept has important limitations. Although thin capped fibroatheromas may have imaging characteristics associated with rupture, fewer than 5% of such…

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…

…coupled with clinical evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia. The Fourth Universal Definition classifies MI into five distinct subtypes based on pathophysiology and clinical context: Type…

…infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from acute coronary atherothrombosis. It is usually precipitated by disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque through rupture or…

…muscle rupture (complication of acute myocardial infarction) Rupture of chordae tendineae. Acute regurgitation of blood into the left atrium results in sudden volume and pressure…

…events Angiographic stenosis severity is an imperfect predictor of future myocardial infarction or sudden death. Lesions causing only mild obstruction may rupture, thrombose and occlude…

…STE ACS (ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome) : STE ACS occurs when plaque rupture, and the ensuing atherothrombosis, causes a complete occlusion of the coronary artery…