…accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral…

…18% for those associated with NSTEMI. The timing of VSR, free wall rupture, and papillary muscle rupture is characteristically bimodal. Events may occur within the…

…Anatomy of the mitral valve Acute mitral regurgitation Acute mitral regurgitation is relatively rare. The most common causes are as follows: Endocarditis Papillary muscle rupture…

…and favour the accumulation of fat, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix beneath the endothelium. Plaques that are particularly prone to rupture characteristically contain:…

…90 days. The central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe…

…to activation of coagulation. Plaque rupture is typically associated with a fibrin rich, red thrombus. The size and persistence of the thrombus depend not only…

…results in increased levels of circulating pro inflammatory cytokines that may cause plaque rupture (i.e the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during…

…MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth Universal Definition published in…

…Identification of a coronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy, except in type 2 and type 3 MI. A diagnosis of MI should not be made…

…with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that…