…Amyloidosis SLE Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Rupture of papillary muscle Rupture of chordae tendineae Figure 1. Anatomy of the mitral valve Acute mitral regurgitation Acute…

…and favour the accumulation of fat, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix beneath the endothelium. Plaques that are particularly prone to rupture characteristically contain:…

…90 days. The central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe…

…progressive, and cardiogenic shock may develop rapidly. Ventricular septal rupture VSR typically causes: Recurrent chest pain. Dyspnoea. Hypotension. Rapid development of biventricular failure. Pulmonary oedema…

…to activation of coagulation. Plaque rupture is typically associated with a fibrin rich, red thrombus. The size and persistence of the thrombus depend not only…

…results in increased levels of circulating pro inflammatory cytokines that may cause plaque rupture (i.e the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during…

…MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth Universal Definition published in…

…Identification of a coronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy, except in type 2 and type 3 MI. A diagnosis of MI should not be made…

…with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that…

…Traditional classification of coronary artery disease Traditionally, coronary artery disease has been classified into the following three syndromes: Stable angina pectoris : Symptoms appear primarily during…