…the outflow. Reumatic heart disease Thickened chordae tendineae . Thickened leaflet tips. Reduced leaflet mobility. Left sided rheumatic valvular disease is virtually always present. Carcinoid heart…

…heart disease) Rheumatic valve disease Endocarditis Congenital mitral regurgitation Amyloidosis SLE Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Rupture of papillary muscle Rupture of chordae tendineae Figure 1…

…Figure 1. Anatomy of the mitral valve The leaflets are connected to the papillary muscles via chordae tendineae (Figure 1). The anterolateral papillary muscle receives…

…rare condition that may be caused by rheumatic valvular disease, congenital heart disease, Whipple’s disease, or tumors. Rheumatic disease is the most common cause…

…bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic), autoimmune processes (giant cell myocarditis, sarcoidosis, rheumatic heart disease, connective tissue disease, eosinophilic myocarditis), toxins (alcohol, cocaine, cancer therapies), or physical…

…adherence, pregnancy after the first trimester under specialist care). Rheumatic mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation. In uncomplicated atrial fibrillation and in ordinary venous thromboembolism, a…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and scope Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) that include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic…

…Rheumatic heart disease can occur at any age and multiple valve lesions are common (typically the aortic and mitral valve). Rheumatic heart disease is rare…

…and lung cancer). Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatic fever. Aortic dissection rupturing into the pericardium. Idiopathic pericardial effusion…

…disease may also lead to endocardial fibrosis. Rheumatic heart disease Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm : The aneurysm may compress the pulmonary outflow. Myxoma : Myxomas may compress…