…Propagation may be antegrade or, less commonly, retrograde. Distal re entry tears may allow blood to return to the true lumen, whereas disruption of the…

…junctional rhythms. The atria will be activated in the opposite direction, which is why the P wave will be retrograde. In most cases, the P…

…atria to the ventricles ( antegrade direction ), from the ventricles to the atrial ( retrograde direction ) or both. Accessory pathways do not display the slow conduction that…

…P wave is apparent, look for a retrograde (negative) P wave (indicating that atrial activation is proceeding in the reverse direction). Look also for P…

…wave amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which can be located anywhere between…

…of the atria will proceed in the opposite direction, which produces an inverted (retrograde) P wave . P wave checklist The P wave is always positive…

…either before or after the QRS complex. In either case it will be retrograde (in lead II, III and aVF) because of the direction of…

…the inferior vena cava, which causes the blood to flow in the retrograde direction (from the atrium to the inferior vena cava). In constrictive pericarditis…

…with P waves that differ in contour from sinus P waves. If the P waves in lead II are retrograde (negative), the diagnosis is straightforward…

…amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave is not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which can be located anywhere between…