…rales, or respiratory distress. In patients with HFpEF, acute hypertension is a frequent trigger of decompensation and may produce abrupt pulmonary oedema, sometimes requiring non…

…investigations. The emergency differential also reflects distinct mechanisms of acute cardiopulmonary disease: Pulmonary embolism and spontaneous pneumothorax may produce abrupt chest pain and respiratory distress…

…Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is a normal finding among young and healthy individuals. It is generally…

Cardiology Respiratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise…

…refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO…

…Respiratory conditions : Tension pneumothorax Drowning Airway obstruction Hanging Pneumonia High altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes…

…without undue delay in persistent hypercapnic respiratory acidosis, if invasive ventilation is not immediately required. 8. Document the ceiling of care and the decision on…

…and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most severe cases, hypotension, pneumothorax and respiratory arrest [1]. The first…

…readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification. Benzodiazepines reduce the severity of withdrawal and…

…respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and initial fluid treatment Adrenaline infusion and advanced resuscitation in a monitored setting The…