Cardiology Respiratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise…

…at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification…

…mixed metabolic and respiratory alkalosis if the pCO₂ is too low Normal Abnormal Abnormal A compensated simple disorder, or two opposing primary disorders It is…

…rise can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome [1,2]. Hyponatraemia is primarily a disorder of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body…

…disorders, vertigo, balance disorder. Moderate 115 125 mmol/L Headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory…

…including gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and anxiety related disorders. The immediate objective is not simply to establish whether the patient has ACS. It is to determine whether…

…diabetes, dyslipidaemia and systemic inflammation. It is also associated with respiratory disorders, notably obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome, which further increase cardiovascular…

…is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is a normal finding among young and healthy individuals. It…

…end tidal carbon dioxide, ETCO2) Capnography refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the…

…Respiratory conditions : Tension pneumothorax Drowning Airway obstruction Hanging Pneumonia High altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes…